Methods and apparatus for providing dynamic information in a wireless information channel

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus to enable a wireless network system to dynamically change information channel message broadcasts. In one aspect, cellular network systems optimize pilot channel message delivery based at least in part on one or more network parameters. Base stations and/or cellular devices can dynamically configure the pilot channel message delivery or reception based on the network parameters. For example, such flexible pilot channel message delivery may more frequently deliver prioritized pilot channel messages, and less frequently broadcast low priority messages. Cellular subscribers with appropriately enabled user equipment may improve their power and applications performance through implementation of the invention. Furthermore, base stations may reclaim the freed cellular resources to support other services. Legacy subscribers are advantageously not affected.

PRIORITY AND RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to co-owned,U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/512,761 entitled “METHODS ANDAPPARATUS FOR PROVIDING DYNAMIC INFORMATION IN A WIRELESS INFORMATIONCHANNEL”, filed Jul. 30, 2009 (issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 8,400,974 onMar. 19, 2013), which is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

COPYRIGHT

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

The present invention relates generally to the field of wirelesscommunication and data networks. More particularly, in one exemplaryaspect, the invention is directed to methods and apparatus for receivingselected segments of system information.

2. Description of Related Technology

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is an exemplaryimplementation of a “third-generation” or “3G” cellular telephonetechnology. The UMTS standard is specified by a collaborative bodyreferred to as the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The3GPP has adopted UMTS as a 3G cellular radio system targeted for interalia European markets, in response to requirements set forth by theInternational Telecommunications Union (ITU). The ITU standardizes andregulates international radio and telecommunications. Enhancements toUMTS will support future evolution to fourth generation (4G) technology.

A current topic of interest is the further development of UMTS towards amobile radio communication system optimized for packet data transmissionthrough improved system capacity and spectral efficiency. In the contextof 3GPP, the activities in this regard are summarized under the generalterm “LTE” (for Long Term Evolution). The aim is, among others, toincrease the maximum net transmission rate significantly in the future,namely to speeds on the order of 300 Mbps in the downlink transmissiondirection and 75 Mbps in the uplink transmission direction.

Information and Pilot Channels—

Information channels (such as Pilot Channels) are used in many prior artcellular mobile radio communication systems. Such channels provide userequipment (UE) with useful information such as for example broadcasts ofbasic system information. Such information may be crucial during, interalia, initial “wake-up” and registration, estimating potential basestation (BS) service reception for handover (i.e. hand-off), etc.Various approaches to information (e.g., pilot) channel messaging areevidenced throughout the prior art. For example, in Interim Standard 95(IS-95, CDMA), a pilot channel is used by mobile devices to initiallydetermine the existence of base stations, and/or support multipathcompensation.

Unfortunately, such information channels have a relatively high cost interms of bandwidth when compared to other useful data channels.Generally speaking, these channels are the most robust and simplestcoded channels of the network. When compared to the rest of the networkbandwidth utilization (which is densely coded), the informationdistribution (pilot) resources are significantly underutilized. In somecases, a cellular pilot channel may use up to a fifth of the overallspectral resources, while providing little to no additional informationto the user equipment population during normal operation.

Therefore, improved methods and apparatus are needed for moreefficiently allocating and using information or pilot channel resources,Pilot channels are provided such that users may use the availableresources (spectrum, power, etc.) in the most efficient way possible.However, the pilot design itself is suboptimal; thus such improvedmethods and apparatus should retain pilot channel functionality (e.g.,support wakeup, service handover, etc.) while substantially minimizing“fixed” allocations of spectral resources for pilot channel operation.

Furthermore, it is additionally recognized that correspondingimprovements are needed for minimizing unnecessary decoding ofinformation or pilot channel resources. Such receiver side improvementsideally should not require substantial changes to transceiver hardwareor software.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention satisfies the aforementioned needs by providing,inter alia, improved apparatus and methods for receiving selectedsegments of publicly broadcast system information, such as via a pilotor other information channel.

In a first aspect of the invention, a software-defined radio apparatusis disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes: a firstwireless interface configured to receive a first pilot channel; at leastone second wireless interface configured to receive one or more datachannels; a first preamble detector in signal communication with thefirst wireless interface; one or more decoding resources; a digitalprocessor; and a storage device in data communication with theprocessor, the storage device comprising a computer program. Whenexecuted by the digital processor, the program: assign, responsive toreceiving an indication from the first preamble detector, a first set ofthe one or more decoding resources to decode the first pilot channel;and assign, in the absence of the indication, a second set of the one ormore decoding resources to decode the one or more data channels.

In one variant, the apparatus is a cellular telephone compliant withLong Term Evolution (LTE) standards.

In another variant, the first wireless interface is a cellularinterface, and the apparatus further includes a WLAN interface, andwherein the WLAN interface accesses system information via a differentradio frequency channel than the first pilot channel. The apparatus mayfurther include a second preamble detector adapted to detect a preambleassociated with the different radio frequency channel.

In yet another variant, the first preamble detector includes logicconfigured to discriminate between preambles of interest and those notof interest to the software-defined radio apparatus. For instance, atleast a portion of a received preamble includes at least one tag lengthvalue (TLV), and the discrimination between preambles of interest andthose not of interest to the software-defined radio apparatus is basedat least in part on the at least one TLV. Alternatively, at least aportion of a received preamble includes at least one pointer, and thediscrimination between preambles of interest and those not of interestto the software-defined radio apparatus is based at least in part on theat least pointer.

In a second aspect of the invention, a method of efficientlytransmitting a plurality of information elements via an informationchannel is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes: assigningan age-related value to each of the plurality of information elements;and for each transmission of the information channel: identifying athreshold age value; determining a subset of the plurality ofinformation elements to be transmitted based at least in part on: (i)the threshold age value, and (ii) the age value of each informationelement; and transmitting: a detection element, the detection elementidentifying the threshold age value; a pointer, the pointer identifyingthe subset of information elements, and the subset of informationelements.

In one variant, the method is performed by a Long Term Evolution (LTE)compliant macrocell within a cellular network, and the informationchannel is a pilot channel.

In another variant, each transmission of the information channel isperformed according to a substantially periodic schedule.

In yet another variant, the detection element is a preamble, and thetransmitting a pointer is performed after the transmitting of thepreamble, but before transmitting of the subset of information elements.

In still another variant, the method allows one or more receivers withina wireless network to receive the transmitted detection element, pointerand information elements and selectively decode at least portionsthereof based on one or more criteria specified with respective ones ofthe receivers. For example, the one or more criteria specified withrespective ones of the receivers can relate to the age-related values.In one instance, the age-related values may include at least a firstvalue and a second older value. In yet another instance, the age-relatedvalues is one or more timestamps.

In a third aspect of the invention, a method of selectively processing aplurality of control channel messages is disclosed. In one embodiment,the method includes: determining a selection criterion; monitoring acontrol channel for a first preamble, the first preamble correspondingto a first control channel message, the first control channel messagebeing encoded with a value; and only decoding information elementsassociated with the first control channel message when the encoded valuemeets the selection criterion.

In one variant, the encoded value is a value relating to priority, andthe selection criterion is a threshold priority value.

In another variant, the encoded value is a value relating to the age ofone or more information elements contained in the control channelmessage, and the selection criterion is a threshold age value.

In yet another variant, the encoded value is a value relating to atiming index associated with the control channel message, and theselection criterion is a timing index value.

In a farther variant, the method further comprising using one or morepointers embedded within the first control channel message toselectively decode only a portion of a plurality of information elementswithin the message.

In another further variant, the encoded value is a value relating to auser-dependent-context, and the selection criterion comprises auser-context value. For instance, the encoded value may be alocation-related value, and the selection criterion may comprise adirection of travel.

In a fourth aspect of the invention, base station apparatus isdisclosed. In one embodiment, the base station apparatus is configuredto efficiently transmit a plurality of information elements via awireless information channel, and the apparatus includes: first logicconfigured to assign a context-related or age-related value to each ofthe plurality of information elements; and second logic configured totransmit: a detection element, and the information elements.

In one variant, the base station apparatus is an LTE-compliant macrocellconfigured to operate within an LTE cellular network, and thetransmission is configured to occur over a pilot channel of the network.

In another variant, the second logic is further configured to transmitat least one pointer, the pointer indicating at least one locationwithin the information elements relating to an information elementhaving a particular one of the context-related or age-related valuesassociated therewith.

In yet another variant, the context-related or age-related valuescomprise radio access technology (RAT)-specific values. For instance,the radio access technology (RAT)-specific values may be selected fromthe group consisting of: (i) a UMTS-related value; (ii) a WLAN-relatedvalue; and (iii) a GSM- or GPRS-related value.

In still a further variant, the context-related or age-related valuescomprise age-specific values, and at least one of the first or secondlogic is configured to selectively include ones of the informationelements for transmission based on a relationship of the age-specificvalues and at least one selection criterion.

In a fifth aspect of the invention, a computer readable apparatus isdisclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage medium,the storage medium including at least one computer program configuredto, when executed by a processor on a mobile device operating within awireless network: determine an information channel message selectioncriterion; monitor an information channel for a first preamble, thefirst preamble corresponding to a first message, the first message beingencoded with a value; only decode information elements associated withthe first message when the encoded value meets the selection criterion;and provide at least a portion of the decoded message to another processwithin the mobile device.

In one variant, the apparatus includes a data or program memory devicein data communication with the processor, and the mobile device is adevice having at least one cellular wireless interface.

In a sixth aspect of the invention, a method of performing a verticalhandover between a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second RATis disclosed. In one embodiment, the first and second RATs having atleast some overlap in coverage, and the method includes: monitoring afirst control channel transmitted by the second RAT; receiving aplurality of control messages via the channel; selectively decoding onlya portion of the plurality of messages based at least in part on areceiver-specific criterion; determining the suitability of the secondRAT based at least in part on the decoded portion of messages; andimplementing a handover from the first RAT to the second RAT based atleast in part on the determining.

A method of preamble discrimination on a wireless network is disclosed.In one embodiment, the method includes: receiving a request for one ormore information elements of interest; receiving, via a wirelessinterface, at least one data structure including a plurality ofinformation elements, the at least one data structure transmitted on apilot channel; receiving a plurality of pairs of information elementstransmitted on the pilot channel; selecting at least one preamble type,the at least one preamble type being selected from a set of preambletypes stored in memory; decoding preambles corresponding to theplurality of pairs; and comparing the decoded preambles with theselected at least one preamble type.

In one variant, the individual ones of the pairs include a preamble anda pointer, and are respectively associated with the individual ones ofthe plurality of information elements, and the method further includes,based on at least the comparison, decoding pointers for a subset of thepairs to determine one or more information element locations; and basedon at least the one or more determined locations, selectively decoding aportion of the information elements of the data structure.

In another variant, the locations correspond to one or more data lengthswithin the data structure.

In a further variant, at least a subset of the information elementsinclude updates on services localized near the position of a basestation associated with the pilot channel.

In another variant, the services include available radio accesstechnologies (RATS).

In a yet variant, the request includes the at least one preamble type.

In exemplary implementations, at least a subset of the data structure isrepeated on the pilot channel. In some cases, the repeating is based onthe length of a frame in the wireless network.

In still other variants, the data structure is stored in memory aftertransmission on the pilot channel, and the method further includesretrieving the data structure from the memory prior to the decoding ofthe portion. In one such case, the data structure is stored responsiveto a detected trigger event.

In some variants, the portion of information elements are decoded in apredetermined order based on a weight associated with the decodedpreambles.

In still other cases, the comparing includes performing at least onecorrelation operation.

In one exemplary case, the at least one preamble type is associated withone or more age-related information. In one such implementation, the oneor more age-related information include at least a first value, and asecond older value. In other cases, the one or more age-relatedinformation includes one or more time stamps.

In a second embodiment, the method includes: receiving a request for oneor more types of information portions; receiving a plurality of encodeddata elements including at least one information portion and at leastone preamble; decoding a subset of encoded data elements associated withthe at least one preamble, where the preamble is associated with the atleast one information portion; decoding the at least one preambleelement; based at least in part on the at least one preamble element,determining the type of the at least one information portion; and basedat least in part on the determined type, omitting a decode operationassociated with the at least one information portion.

A non-transitory computer-readable apparatus configured to store one ormore computer programs thereon is disclosed. In one embodiment, the oneor more computer programs are configured to, when executed: receive arequest, from a higher-layer software operation, for data elementshaving one or more specified attributes; receive, via a wirelessinterface, a pilot channel data structure including a plurality of dataelements at a plurality of associated data lengths, where individualones of the data elements include at least one associated attributedescriptor and at least one reference element; decode the at least oneassociated attribute descriptor for the individual ones of the dataelements to determine respective attributes associated with theindividual ones of the data elements; compare the respective attributeswith the one or more specified attributes; based at least in part on thecomparison, selectively decode one or more reference elements for asubset of the individual ones of the plurality of data elements todetermine data lengths for the subset; and decode portions of the pilotchannel library element based on the determined data lengths.

A software-defined radio apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, thesoftware-defined radio apparatus includes: a storage device configuredto store a set of preamble types; a wireless interface configured toreceive a plurality of preambles respectively associated with aplurality of radio resources; and preamble discrimination logic in datacommunication with the memory element and the wireless interface. In onevariant, the preamble discrimination logic is configured to: receive arequest for a one or more information elements of interest; select atleast one preamble type of interest associated with the one or moreinformation elements of interest, the at least one preamble type ofinterest being selected from the set of preamble types; and forward theat least one preamble type of interest to the wireless interface foridentification of instances of the at least one preamble type ofinterest among the plurality of preambles.

In one variant, the wireless interface is further configured to decodeone or more pointers so as to determine a location within the pluralityof radio resources, the location associated with the instances of the atleast one preamble type of interest.

In another variant, the request for one or more information elements ofinterest includes at least one selection criterion. In one such case,the at least one selection criterion includes a time value, and the atleast one preamble type of interest includes a time stamp.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will immediatelybe recognized by persons of ordinary skill in the art with reference tothe attached drawings and detailed description of exemplary embodimentsas given below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of an exemplary heterogeneous RadioAccess Network (RAN) providing a first, second and third different RadioAccess Technologies (RATs), useful for implementing one or more aspectsof the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of one exemplary embodiment of aCognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) Frame and its constituent subcomponents or“segments”, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a graphical representation of one alternate exemplaryembodiment of a Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) Frame and its constituentTag Length Value (TLV) components, in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a firstsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission illustrates a “rotation” or “shifting” ofone or more of the segments of context information.

FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of an embodiment of a secondsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission is decremented according to a first methodof the invention.

FIG. 4A is a graphical representation of another embodiment of a secondsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission is incremented according to a first methodof the invention.

FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a thirdsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission is incremented or decremented according toa second method of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a fourthsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission provides segments of varying periodicities.

FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a fifthsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission provides segments of various applicability.

FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a sixthsequence of transmissions of the exemplary CPC Frame of FIG. 2, whereeach subsequent transmission provides a time stamp attached to eachsegment, thereby enabling user equipment (UE) to determine theimportance of context info illation, in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 8A is logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a hybridnetwork-based and UE-based age level prioritization process according tothe invention.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram illustrating one embodiment of asoftware defined radio (SDR) apparatus adapted to implement the methodsof the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram further illustrating oneembodiment of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) subsystem of the SDRapparatus of FIG. 10.

FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of one embodiment of a preambleweighting and correlation sequence used to uniquely weight eachtransmitted preamble according to the invention.

FIG. 11A is a graphical representation of several exemplary preambleweightings, correlation sequences, and context information “hints”according to the invention.

FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram illustrating one embodiment of abase station apparatus adapted to implement the methods of the presentinvention.

FIG. 13 is a logical flow diagram of one embodiment of a generalizedprocess for receiving selected segments of publicly broadcast systeminformation in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a logical flow diagram of one embodiment of a process forreceiving selected segments of a time varying CPC frame containingsystem information, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a logical flow diagram of one embodiment of a verticalhandover process in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a logical flow diagram of a second embodiment of a verticalhandover process in accordance with the present invention

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference is now made to the drawings, wherein like numerals refer tolike parts throughout.

Overview

In one aspect, the present invention discloses, inter cilia, methods andapparatus for modifying public broadcasts of system information, suchthat individual segments of the information may be selectivelyextracted. In one embodiment, one or more segments of system informationfor public broadcast (e.g., pilot channel information) are encapsulatedwithin a segmented public broadcast (over a pilot channel) transmittedby a base station. Each of the segments is uniquely identifiable withinthe segmented public broadcast. The base station advantageously providesa low complexity preamble for fast detection, and indicia of thetransmission segmentation. An enabled receiver (e.g., cellular UE)targets its decoding resources to the segments of interest.

In one exemplary variant, the user equipment (UE) adjusts its decodingresources for pilot information based on individual requirements, thusbetter utilizing their overall decoding resources. Complementaryadvantages for base stations (BSs) include, inter cilia, a reduction ofpilot channel transmissions, thereby minimizing redundant pilot channelmessaging. Furthermore, methods are disclosed enabling the BS and UE todynamically manage pilot resources in concert or cooperation, so as tobest service varying usage requirements.

In another aspect of the invention, methods and apparatus are disclosedfor a time-varying segmented pilot channel. In one embodiment, indiciaare provided to uniquely identify the constituent pilot channel contextinformation segments. Each segmented pilot channel includes a portion ofthe comprehensive context information, the portion of contextinformation being selected based on a prioritization scheme of theembedded context information. Each UE may individually opt to decode thesegmented pilot channel with varying amounts of its decoding resources.In one such implementation, the UE bases its decoding behavior on aninitial low-complexity preamble decoding, where the preamble providesinformation regarding the segmented pilot channel contents.

Exemplary apparatus and methods for Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)operation for use within an LTE-Advanced architecture are alsodisclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are now described indetail. While these embodiments are primarily discussed in the contextof a third generation UMTS wireless network (3G), and more specificallyin one variant to LTE (3.9G) and fourth generation LTE-A (4G) networks,it will be recognized by those of ordinary skill that the presentinvention is not so limited. In fact, the various aspects of theinvention are useful in any wireless network that can benefit from theconfigurable segmented public broadcast mechanisms described herein.

As used herein, the term “wireless” means any wireless signal, data,communication, or other interface including without limitation Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, 3G (e.g., 3GPP, 3GPP2, and UMTS), HSDPA/HSUPA, TDMA, CDMA(e.g., IS-95A, WCDMA, etc.), FHSS, DSSS, GSM, PAN/802.15, WiMAX(802.16), 802.20, narrowband/FDMA, OFDM, PCS/DCS, analog cellular, CDPD,satellite systems, millimeter wave or microwave systems, acoustic, andinfrared (i.e., IrDA).

Furthermore, as used herein, the term “network” refers generally to anytype of data, telecommunications or other network including, withoutlimitation, data networks (including MANs, PANs, WANs, LANs, WLANs,micronets, piconets, internets, and intranets), satellite networks,cellular networks, and telco networks.

Moreover, as used herein, the terms “segmented public broadcastinformation”, “segmented publicly broadcast”, “segmented pilot channel”,and “Cognitive Pilot Channels (CPC)” refer to any type of transmissionwhich is received by one or more generalized user groups in a wirelesscommunication network or parts thereof. Such generalized user groups mayinclude user class, subscription type, location, etc. Segmented publicbroadcasts may not be of interest to all users, yet they may be usefulfor any user. Accordingly, such segmented public broadcasts are not“addressed” to any specific user(s). The following examples arehelpfully provided to further clarify publicly broadcast information.

Segmented public broadcast information may be segmented by user class,e.g. by subscriber status. For example, one such exemplary scheme woulddesignate “gold” and “silver” users, each of which is allowed differentservices. Accordingly, information transmitted for “gold” users, may notbe received by “silver” users, and vice versa.

Segmented public broadcast information may require subscription forreception. For example, a third party service provider (i.e., differentfrom the mobile network operator) may provide supplemental service, anda corresponding CPC service. Wi-Fi™ hotspots are one common example ofsuch third party service providers. Users interested in receiving thesupplemental services may also choose to receive the corresponding CPCservice. Uninterested users may simply ignore the CPC service.

Segmented public broadcast information may be localized, orgeographically limited in use. For example, a hospital may force UEs toreduce their output power. Similarly, segmented public broadcastinformation may be useful only in certain directions, or at cellboundaries (e.g., to facilitate handoff).

Various other aspects of segmented public broadcasts, segments ofcontext information, and their respective uses, etc. will be apparent tothose skilled in the arts, given the present disclosure.

Exemplary Cellular Network Architecture—

In the following discussion, a cellular radio system is described thatincludes a network of radio cells each served by a transmitting station,known as a cell site or base station (BS). The radio network provideswireless communications service for a plurality of user equipment (UE)transceivers. The network of BSs working in collaboration allows forwireless service which is greater than the radio coverage provided by asingle serving BS. The individual BSs are connected by another network(in many cases a wired network), which includes additional controllersfor resource management and in some cases access to other networksystems (such as the Internet or MANs).

In a UMTS system, a base station is commonly referred to as a “NodeB”.The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is the collective bodyof NodeBs along with the UMTS Radio Network Controllers (RNC). The userinterfaces to the UTRAN via a UE, which in many typical usage cases is acellular phone or smartphone. However, as used herein, the terms “UE”,“client device”, and “end user device” may include, but are not limitedto, cellular telephones, smartphones (such as for example an iPhone™),personal computers (PCs), such as for example an iMac™, Mac Pro™, MacMini™ or MacBook™, and minicomputers, whether desktop, laptop, orotherwise, as well as mobile devices such as handheld computers, PDAs,personal media devices (PMDs), such as for example an iPod™, or anycombinations of the foregoing.

LTE networks are based on their UMTS predecessors and referred to as3.9G networks. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary LTE cellular system 100,with a focus on the radio access network (RAN). The RAN includes three(3) Radio Access Technologies (RATs). Each RAT has significantdifferences in operation. A first UE 110 is shown, operating within thecoverage of all three networks.

The system 100 includes one or more base station towers 102 (also knownas enhanced-NodeBs (eNBs)), that are set at various fixed geographiclocations. Such eNBs may also be generally referred to as a “macrocell”.Furthermore, LTE standards have provisioned for the operation of a newnetwork entity, the Home enhanced-NodeB (HeNB) 104, which is aminiaturized version of an eNB. The HeNB is also commonly referred to asa “femtocell”; a femtocell provides similar functionality to amacrocell, but at a reduced capability and cost, and may be portableversus fixed. Femtocells may be purchased by a customer for personaluse. The combination of eNBs and HeNBs provide a seamless cohesiveservice from a network operator. The network operator manages networkoperation via a Core Network 106. The unified Core Network providesauthentication, accounting, and authorization (AAA) services, and insome cases, access to external networks (e.g. such as IP MultimediaSubsystems (IMS) services as specified by the 3GPP).

Each of the eNBs 102 and HeNBs 104 are directly coupled to the CoreNetwork 106 e.g., via broadband access. Additionally, in some networksthe eNBs may coordinate with one another, via secondary access. In theillustrated RAN 100 of FIG. 1, the HeNBs are connected to the CoreNetwork, but are not linked to the other entities of the network (e.g.,the eNBs). In other network embodiments, HeNB-eNB connections may beimplemented. Unlike the broader coverage of the eNBs, a HeNB isgenerally focused on improving service to a few subscribers.Accordingly, HeNBs may have settings and limitations which are notapplicable for the general population. Such non-standard settings aregenerally disclosed, at least in part, within the pilot channel publicbroadcasts. Accordingly, the eNB and the HeNB generally have differentpilot channel payloads (e.g., context information).

Furthermore, also shown in FIG. 1 is an out-of-network service, providedby a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) ad hoc network 108. Such ad hocnetworks are not coupled to any higher entity, and widely vary inservices provided, authentication, authorization, etc. Accordingly, thead hoc network has significantly different pilot channel informationfrom either the eNBs 102 or the HeNBs 104.

Ideally, neighboring base stations having overlapping coverage areasshould peacefully coexist, and work to minimize Intra-Cell Interference(ICI). Thus, when a UE enters a region of overlapping service, the UEmay select (or be transferred) to the optimal base station (e.g., thebase station which minimizes transmit and receive power, or optimizesone or more other parameters). Similarly, in mixed networks (i.e., wheremultiple networks coexist), the UE should efficiently select from theavailable resources of the disparate networks. While a UE may maintainlinks to multiple distinct networks to maximize the overall UE datarates, more commonly the UE will choose (or be triggered to perform a“vertical handover” to) the stronger radio link. Vertical handovers aresignificantly more complex than typical handovers. A vertical handovergenerally requires a complete shift from one radio access technology toanother. Vertical handovers are also referred to as “Inter-Radio AccessTechnology (Inter-RAT) Handovers” in 3GPP terminology.

Upon inter-RAT cell re-selection or during vertical handovers from acurrent network to a “new” network, the UE must obtain the relevantcontext information for the new network. Typical solutions to thisrequirement include: the UE identifying the context information itself,the network providing the context information to the UE, or a hybridcombination of the previous two options. In the first solution, for a UEto identify the context information, the UE must scan the radioenvironment. This is often costly in terms of hardware resources,battery consumption, etc. Alternatively, the second solution requiresthe network to broadcast the context information “blindly”; the networkmust provide the entirety of its context information all the time.Understandably, such blind transmissions are often wasted and aregenerally inefficient.

Cognitive Radio—

Cognitive radio is a term generally used to describe a network orwireless node which intelligently alters its wireless communication to,inter alia, avoid interference. Cognitive radio may actively monitorseveral factors in the external and internal radio environment (such asradio frequency spectrum, user behavior, network state, etc.).

The computational complexity of much cognitive radio theory has renderedits implementation impractical in the past. However, recent advances inthe digital electronics arts have greatly contributed to moderncognitive radio developments. For example, significant research hasalready been conducted on so-called Cognitive Pilot Channels (CPCs).Accordingly, the incipient standards for advanced radio networks haveproposed that a CPC should comprise a context provisioning signal forany legacy and future Radio Access Technologies (including LTE).

To this end, one aspect of the present invention relates to improvementsto the proposed Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC).

In one embodiment of the invention, each UE selectively decodes portions(or segments) of the CPC. When a UE is uninterested in the current CPC,its resources may be allocated for other services (e.g., transmission orreception of data). A population of invention-enabled UE devices canremain quiescent during the majority of CPC transmissions; each UE mayindividually decode at least parts of the CPC for information ofinterest. Furthermore, selective decoding of the CPC also enables CPCtransmissions which are a subset of the comprehensive CPC contextinformation set.

For example, one illustrative embodiment of an improved CPC rotatesthrough varying portions of the context information for transmission. Afirst portion of the context information may rarely change (e.g.,parameters of cellular networks), while other portions may change quitefrequently (e.g. the load level of WLAN systems). Consequently, a UEwhich is newly acquiring the CPC should decode the entire CPC. However,UEs which have been camping (i.e., in RRC_IDLE state) or operating forsome time (i.e., RRC_CONNECTED) on the same cell or in the samegeographical area, will have already decoded the “old” contextinformation, and need only to recover the latest updates.

Furthermore, an improved Software Defined Radio (SDR) capable UE deviceis disclosed. The SDR UE dynamically configures itself to use more/lessof its flexibly assigned resources for decoding of the CPC.Consequently, the SDR UE can use its freed resources for decoding ofdata channels provided by a radio access technology (e.g., 3GPP LTE). Acorresponding SDR capable BS device is also described. The SDR BS maydynamically broadcast segments of information of varying priority, wherethe segmented broadcast information is scheduled or selected forbroadcast based on the priority of the information. In this manner, theSDR BS efficiently distributes information to the population of UEs.While the SDR UE and SDR BS are complementary, they can alsoindependently operate with increased efficiency (e.g., a SDR UE mayefficiently receive broadcasts from a non-enabled BS, a SDR BS mayefficiently utilize pilot channel resources with non-enabled UEs.)

The aforementioned improvements to the Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) andSoftware Defined Radio (SDR) entities are now discussed in greaterdetail.

Exemplary Cognitive Pilot Channel—

Extant modes of CPC operation are divided into “dedicated” CPCs (CPC),and “virtual” CPCs (V-CPC). A dedicated CPC relies on a dedicatedphysical channel, or radio resource for the transmission of CPCinformation. In contrast to dedicated CPCs, a V-CPC encapsulates the CPCcontent within one or more generic radio resources (i.e., the V-CPC istreated as a data payload). V-CPCs are significantly more flexible thantraditional dedicated CPCs, and are network agnostic (i.e., may be usedto span different networks). As used herein, the terms “CPC” and “V-CPC”describe implementation specific embodiments, and are interchangeable infunctionality.

In one aspect of the present invention, a Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)is disclosed which modulates or controls its bandwidth for pilot channelmessaging. Improvements to pilot channel operation afforded by theinvention are applicable for both CPCs and V-CPCs. For a dedicated CPC,any freed dedicated resources may be used for the transmission/receptionof other services (e.g., data), or may be “put to sleep” to reduce powerconsumption or processing overhead. For a V-CPC, freed bandwidth istypically reclaimed for other data services, but other approaches may beemployed as well.

As used herein, the term “context information” includes, but is notlimited to, data payloads useful for, inter alia, identifyinginformation pertinent to one or more aspects of the wireless network orsubscriber classes. Exemplary embodiments of context information aredescribed in IEEE P1900.4 published on Feb. 27, 2009, and entitled “IEEEStandard for Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-DeviceDistributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage inHeterogeneous Wireless Access Networks”, herein incorporated byreference in its entirety. The aforementioned publication describescontext information including: CWN (Composite Wireless Network),Operator, Operator Profile, Operator Capabilities, Assigned Channel,Assigned Channel Profile, Regulatory Rule, SA Policy, RAN, RAN Profile,RAN Configuration, Base Station, Base Station Capabilities, Base StationConfiguration, Base Station Measurements, Cell, Cell Profile, CellCapabilities, Cell Configuration, Cell Measurements, etc.

It is appreciated that some types of context information changefrequently, whereas other types of context information may changerarely, if at all. For example, context information regarding theoccupation levels or constituency of a WLAN system may change quitefrequently. Some network-specific context information (such as theMobile Country Code (MCC)) for cellular networks changes infrequently,if at all.

Thus, each segment of context information may have varying levels ofimportance, and frequencies of change. Accordingly, a CPC frame isdisclosed herein which can dynamically vary the transmitted CPC contextinformation segments to accommodate such differences.

Furthermore, such user-context-dependent information may be based onboth user and base station relationships. Such types of contextinformation may be cell specific and depend on the direction a UE islikely to move to. A UE may require knowledge that it is moving in acertain direction relative to the base station, that the UE is within acertain distance of the base station, or that the UE located in aspecific area (e.g., a hospital), etc. Useful context information mayinclude direction dependent information, such as indications of nearbyRATs, cells, channels, spectrum restrictions, etc. For example, theuser-context-dependent segments of information broadcast in the currentcell may comprise segments of information pertaining to the radiolandscape of neighbor cells. In this directional embodiment, there maybe segments for, inter alia, northwest, north, northeast, east,southeast, south, southwest, and west. A UE which is moving south of abase station may desire corresponding details about the radio landscapesouth of the base station, or its current position. Such directionalcontext information is not needed for other UEs that are moving in otherdirections or remaining relatively stable and may be ignored. Similarly,radial distance may be used separately or in combination with direction,to provide user-context-dependent information. For example, a small cellwhich is completely subsumed by another cell (e.g., a femtocelloperating within a macrocell) may provide radial context information tofacilitate handover. Such radial context information is not decodedunless the UE is very close to the cell border.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a first exemplary embodiment of a CPC frame 200is shown depicting three (3) exemplary components: a preamble 202, oneor more pointers 204, a plurality of context information 206.

In the exemplary embodiment of the first CPC frame 200, a series ofpointers 204 are provided for a UE to identify the appropriate contextinformation 206 of interest. In one implementation, each pointer 204provides an index which references a distinct location. For example, inone embodiment, the index may be based on an age level. Such age levelsmay comprise in one embodiment the enumerated values: “new”, “recent”,“old”, and “very old”, although other values may be substituted ifdesired. Other indexes are readily apparent to those skilled in the art,and may include gradations based on importance (e.g. “important”, “notimportant”, etc.), types of service (e.g. “etc”, “umts”, “gprs”, “wlan”,“wimax”, etc.), types useful for business methods (e.g., “gold”,“silver”, “vip”, etc.), etc. Moreover, while the foregoing instances ofindexes are generally “qualitative” or enumerated value variables, itwill be appreciated that deterministic or numeric variables or systemsmay be applied (e.g., according to a linear numeric scale, etc.)

Alternatively, referring to FIG. 2A, a second exemplary embodiment of aCPC frame 250 is shown depicting two (2) exemplary components: apreamble 252, and one or more Tag Length Value (TLV) objects 254. EachTLV object includes: a binary token or name of the segment (tag), alength indication of the segment (length), and a payload (value).Furthermore, each of the TLV objects may comprise a number ofhierarchically structured smaller TLV objects (i.e., the TLV may be a“nested” data structure).

Similar to the pointer scheme, the tags are used to distinctly identifythe TLV content. For example, a tag may indicate an age level. Such agelevels may comprise in one embodiment the enumerated values: “new”,“recent”, “old”, and “very old”, although other values may besubstituted if desired. Other tags are readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and may include gradations based on importance (e.g.“important”, “not important”, etc.), types of service (e.g. “lte”,“umts”, “gprs”, “wlan”, “wimax”, etc.), types useful for businessmethods (e.g., “gold”, “silver”, “vip”, etc.), etc. Moreover, while theforegoing instances of tags are generally “qualitative” or enumeratedvalue variables, it will be appreciated that deterministic or numericvariables or systems may be applied (e.g., according to a linear numericscale, etc.).

The following discussions are provided with respect to the pointerscheme of FIG. 2, other schemes may be readily interchanged (e.g., theTLV scheme of FIG. 2A, etc.). Furthermore, while the followingdiscussions observe a single prioritization method, it is appreciatedthat multiple dimensions of prioritization may be used. For example, afirst UE may be interested in a first prioritization (e.g., “new”,“old”), whereas a second UE may be interested in a differentprioritization (e.g., “lte” only, or “west” only). Furthermore, a UE maycombine multiple prioritizations, for example, a third UE may beinterested in “new”, “umts” information in the “south”. As will bedescribed in greater detail hereinafter, such combinations may berepresented as early as preamble detection, and may require activemodification to preamble detection schemes.

The exemplary CPC frame 200 of FIG. 2 uses pointers 204 to improveaccess to context information 206; however, other forms of indicia maybe used in other implementations. For example, the aforementionedalternative TLV-parsing scheme could parse the entire CPC and decodeonly the TLVs which are of interest. In one such embodiment, the UE candecode each of the TLVs, deriving a tag and length value. Based on thetag value, the UE can determine if the TLV is of interest. For example,if the UE is moving west and interested in directional updates, then theUE searches for tag values which are “west”. If the information is notdesired, then the UE may jump over undesired information blocks (i.e.,skipping the number of bits or bytes indicated by the length field ofthe undesired context information). A length of zero (0) would indicateno value component. Similarly, some TLV entries may simply comprise atag (i.e. no length or value), where the mere presence of the tag itselfis (or is not) of interest to the UE.

Furthermore, some embodiments may utilize hybrid combinations forefficient decoding of CPC frames. For instance, in one such hybridizedembodiment, at the upper hierarchy level a pointer is provided for eachsegment, while subsequent hierarchy levels use nested TLV objects.

The preamble 202 is a readily recognizable signal useful for identifyingthe start of a public broadcast in a transmission channel. In oneembodiment, the preamble includes a recognizable short indicator locatedat the beginning of the CPC transmission. In other embodiments, thepreamble may be located in the middle of the transmission (e.g., as usedin GSM, a midamble), or even at the end of the transmission. Thepreamble may also be issued at multiple times/locations. As shown, thepreamble of the illustrated embodiment includes a first portion of theCPC transmission. However, it is appreciated that in other embodiments,the preamble may also be a message entirely separate from the payload(i.e., pointers and/or context information).

The exemplary CPC frame 200 of FIG. 2 and its prioritization of contextinformation 206 enable a wide variety of schemes for CPC transmissions,some examples of which are described in greater detail below.

Shifting Context Information—

Referring now to FIG. 3, a shifting or rotating scheme 300 is presentedfor modifying the context information of a CPC frame. At time T₁, afirst CPC frame 200 is transmitted. The frame includes three (3)exemplary components: (i) a preamble 202, (ii) one or more pointers 204,and (iii) four (4) segments of context information 206. The contextinformation is further categorized in age levels, and has pointers for“new”, “recent”, “old”, and “very old” as previously described. Theseries of pointers provides starting locations for each of the contextinformation entries.

At the next subsequent time T₂, the age levels of the contextinformation of the first CPC frame 200 are updated. Accordingly, “new”context information has the “new” pointer, whereas the previously “new”context information is now referenced with the “recent” pointer, etc.Subsequent times T₃ and T₄ are also illustrated for clarity.Implementation of such “sliding windows” is readily performed by thoseof ordinary skill given the present disclosure, such as via shiftregisters, circular buffers, etc.

Time Varying CPC Frame Length—

Referring now to FIG. 4, a first exemplary time-varying scheme 400 ispresented for modifying the CPC frame length. At time T₁, a first CPCframe 200 is transmitted. At the second transmission T₂, the contextinformation of the first CPC frame is decremented. The contextinformation CI[1] is not transmitted. The third transmission (T₃) isdecremented again (i.e., both CI[2], and CI[1] are excluded). Subsequentframe transmissions T₄, T₅, and T₆ are shown for completeness.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4A, the time-varying scheme 450 formodifying the CPC frame length of FIG. 4 above is modified so as toincrement versus decrement. Specifically, at time T₁, a first CPC frame200 is transmitted having a first segment of the entirety of the contextinformation. At the second transmission T₂, a second segment of theentirety of the context information of the first CPC frame is added. Thethird transmission (T₃) provides yet more information. Subsequent frametransmissions T₄, T₅, and T₆ are shown for completeness. Such anembodiment may allow a UE to receive any transmission, and receive thecontents of the preceding transmissions as well e.g. a UE which receivestransmission at time T₃, may opt to decode the context information ofT₁, and T₂.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a second time-varying scheme 500 is presentedfor modifying the length of a first CPC frame 200.

At time T₁, a first CPC frame 200 is transmitted. At the secondtransmission time T₂, the context information of the first CPC frame isdecremented. The “very old” context information is not transmitted. Thethird transmission (T₃) is decremented again. However, unlike the firsttime varying scheme presented in FIG. 4, the second time varying schemeswitches from incrementing to decrementing at time T₆.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a third embodiment of a time varying scheme 600is presented for modifying the length of a first CPC frame 200. Unlikethe first and second time varying schemes (FIGS. 4 and 5 above), theplurality of context information 206 in the scheme of FIG. 6 is furthercategorized in periodic frequency, and has pointers for “every one”,“every other”, “every third”, “every fourth”, etc. This third schemeprovides individually selectable periods for each segment of the contextinformation 206.

At time T₁, a first CPC frame is transmitted having only “every one”context information. At the second transmission T₂, the “every one” and“every other” context information is sent. At the third transmissiononly the “every one” and “every third” context information is sent.Additional transmissions are shown for completeness.

It will be appreciated that other periodicities or temporal schemes maybe used as well consistent with the invention. For example, complexperiodicities such as “every 2n−1” can be used. These periodicities canalso be made to vary over time if desired, such as by incrementing thevalue of “n” in the foregoing example relationship between integervalues of i and j.

More generally, the FIGS. 4, 4A, 5, and 6 illustrate the benefits ofchanging frame composition over time. The context information isprovided as a function of newness i.e., the newest information should beavailable in the maximum number of frames, whereas the oldestinformation is only periodically transmitted. However, other repetitionpatterns may be used for other situations. For example, if the frametransmissions are cyclically repeated after “M” frames, then “new”information may be included in any “A” number of frames, “recent”information may be included in any “B” number of frames, “old”information may be included in any “C” number of frames, and “very old”information may be included in any “D” number of frames, where D is lessthan or equal to C which is less than or equal to B which is less thanor equal to A which is less than or equal to M.

Context Information Based Schemes—

Referring now to FIG. 7, one embodiment of a context information-basedscheme 700 is presented for modifying the length of a first CPC frame200. The plurality of context information 206 is further categorized byfunction, and has in this example pointers for “lte”, “units”, “gprs”,“wlan”, etc. The context information-based scheme dynamically alters CPCtransmissions with the content of the context information 206.

At time T₁, a first CPC frame is transmitted having only “LTE-specific”context information. At the second transmission T₂, only the“UMTS-specific” and “WLAN-specific” context information is sent. At thethird transmission only the “GPRS-specific” context information is sent.Additional transmissions are shown for completeness.

While the aforementioned examples (FIGS. 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, and 7) areprioritized by a network entity (e.g. an eNB 102, etc.), it isappreciated that the prioritization of context information may beindependently determined by each UE, or another entity (e.g., a proxyfor the UE or eNB). Consider for example a network based prioritizationembodiment where the prioritization of information (e.g., age levels) issolely controlled by the network. The network internally determines ifthe context information is “new”, “recent”, etc. In contrast to thisnetwork based embodiment, an exemplary UE based prioritizationembodiment would use each UE (or at least some UEs in the network) toindividually determine the appropriate prioritization of contextinformation for itself. For example, a network base station may notdirectly indicate the age level of each context information segment, butmay instead provide a “first transmission time”, where the firsttransmission time signifies when the information was broadcast for thefirst time. Each UE may calculate a suitable relative age level forcontext information based on internal time thresholds for “new”,“recent”, etc., which may vary from UE to UE (or based on other factors,such as UE remaining battery power). Accordingly, a first and second UEmay categorize the same broadcast differently.

FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of a CPC frame transmission 800 foruse with an age level UE-based scheme. The plurality of contextinformation 206 is augmented with a time stamp for its firsttransmission time (i.e., a “born at” time). Such pairing is denoted witha (CI[X], T[Y]) where CI[X] is the context information, and T[Y] is atime stamp. As shown, when context information CI[1] is updated at timeT11, its corresponding pointer is similarly updated with the value T11(see (CI[1], T[11]). Likewise, CI[2] is updated at time T12, etc. (see(CI[2], T[12]).

Various combinations of network-based and UE-based prioritization canalso be used. For example, one hybrid age level prioritization schememay comprise a network assigning a counter to each segment of contextinformation within a CPC frame. When one or more segments are updated,the network base station or other entity increments its correspondingcounter. Each UE has an internal memory, which stores the value of itsmost recent counter value (i.e., the value read during its last update).Responsive to receiving the CPC frame, the UE compares its counter tothe network counter value to determine if the CPC transmission is ofinterest to the UE (See FIG. 8A). Each time the UE updates its contextinformation, the UE increments its appropriate counter. The UE comparesits counter to the network counter to determine if the contextinformation is of interest.

In another such UE-based scheme, a BS may provide CPC transmissions for“northwest”, “north”, “northeast”, “east”, “southeast”, “south”,“southwest”, and “west”. Each UE may internally determine their locationwith respect to the BS via location determination (such as via a GlobalPositioning System (GPS) signal or via a location determination networksuch as the one described in the Assignee's co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/286,646 entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FORRESOLVING WIRELESS SIGNAL COMPONENTS” filed Sep. 30, 2008, andincorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and decode theappropriate context information accordingly. For example, by determiningthat the UE is south of the BS, the UE may opt to decode the “south” CPCtransmission. Similarly, radial distances may be used. For example, ifthe UE is near the “edge” of the cell coverage, and it may decode an“edge” CPC transmission.

It will be recognized that each of the foregoing specific examples ofvarious CPC frames are only illustrative of the broader possibilitiesfor dynamically updating the context information of CPC frames. Each ofthe schemes may be modified as required for other implementations. Infact, several of the schemes may be readily intermixed, combined orinterchanged, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the arts giventhe present disclosure.

Exemplary SDR User Equipment (UE) Apparatus—

In accordance with the configurability of the CPC frames 200 previouslydescribed, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) UE apparatus is also disclosedherein. The SDR UE may selectively decode the CPC based on device,usage, and/or network considerations. For example, if an SDR UE requiresinformation that is recent, then it may adjust its radio operation toreceive an abbreviated update CPC frame at the earliest possible time(e.g., initial frame acquisition). Alternatively, if the SDR UE requiresthe entirety of the CPC frame, then it may wait until such acomprehensive frame is transmitted. In general, SDR UEs which are new toa radio access network (RAN) require comprehensive sets of contextinformation, whereas UEs which have been connected for some time in theRAN only need periodic updates.

Referring now to FIG. 9, one exemplary client or UE apparatus 900 usefulin implementing the methods of the present invention are illustrated.The apparatus disclosed comprises, inter cilia, a UE such as asmartphone, portable computer, or mobile communications device capableof dynamic pilot channel reception. The configuration of pilot channelreception is preferably performed in software, althoughhardware/firmware embodiments are also envisioned.

The exemplary UE apparatus includes one or more substrate(s) 902 thatfurther include a plurality of integrated circuits including aprocessing subsystem 904 such as a digital signal processor (DSP),microprocessor, programmable logic device (PLD), gate array, orplurality of processing components as well as a power managementsubsystem 906 that provides power to the UE 900, a user interface (UI)subsystem 908, and a SDR subsystem 1000. As used herein, the term“integrated circuit (IC)” refers to any type of device having any levelof integration (including without limitation ULSI, VLSI, and LSI) andirrespective of process or base materials (including, without limitationSi, SiGe, CMOS and GaAs).

The processing subsystem may also comprise an internal cache memory. Theprocessing subsystem 904 is connected to a memory subsystem comprisingmemory which may for example, comprise SRAM, Flash and SDRAM components.The memory subsystem may implement one or a more of DMA type hardware,so as to facilitate data accesses as is well known in the art.

The illustrated power management subsystem (PMS) 906 provides power tothe UE, and may include an integrated circuit and or a plurality ofdiscrete electrical components. In one exemplary portable UE apparatus,the power management subsystem 906 interfaces with a rechargeablebattery power source within the UE.

The user interface subsystem 908 includes any number of well-known I/Oincluding, without limitation: a keypad, touch screen (e.g., multi-touchinterface), LCD display, backlight, speaker, and/or microphone. However,it is recognized that in certain applications, one or more of thesecomponents may be obviated. For example, PCMCIA card type UE embodimentsmay lack a user interface (as they could piggyback onto the userinterface of the host device to which they are physically and/orelectrically coupled).

The apparatus 900 may further include optional additional peripheralsincluding, without limitation, one or more GPS transceivers, or networkinterfaces such as IrDA ports, Bluetooth transceivers, USB, FireWire™,WiMAX transceivers, etc. It is however appreciated that these componentsare not required for operation of the UE in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of the radio/modem subsystem 1000 ingreater detail, including SDR subsystem architecture. The SDR subsystemincludes three (3) distinct components: one or more RF front-ends 1002,a CPC preamble detector 1004, and a plurality of decoding resources1006. In the illustrated example, the CPC preamble detector isoperatively coupled to a first RF front-end 1002A and the plurality ofdecoding resources. The remaining RF front-ends (1002B, 1002C) arecoupled directly to the plurality of decoding resources. In otherembodiments, the CPC preamble detector may be flexibly coupled to anyone or more of the RF front-ends. Each of these components is nowdiscussed in greater detail.

The RF front-end 1002 of the illustrated embodiment generally includesthe antenna and any analog stages used to convert a received radiosignal to a digital signal. An RF front-end may include a wide varietyof filters, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (A/D),digital-to-analog (D/A) converters (including e.g., direct ordelta-sigma converters), mixers, multiplexers, duplexers, diplexers,etc. Due to the very specific nature of RF reception, RF front-ends aregenerally adapted to a very limited range of operation.

In some instances, multiple RF front-ends may be required for differentradio frequencies, and or radio access technologies (RATs). For example,in the illustrated embodiment, the SDR UE has three (3) different RFfront-ends: a first RF front-end dedicated to the reception of thededicated CPC channel 1002A, and multiple (2) second RF front-ends(1002B, 1002C) adapted to reception of other RATs. The second RFfront-ends include one MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) front-end,and one SISO (Single Input Single Output) front-end, although otherconfigurations may be used as well. It is readily appreciated that insome embodiments, the RF front-ends may support any combination of MIMO,SIMO, MISO, and SISO antennas.

Furthermore, while the first RF front-end is a SISO antenna dedicatedfor receiving CPC preambles, it is appreciated that the first RFfront-end could be selected from any of the possible antennacombinations (MIMO, SIMO, MISO, SISO, etc.). In fact, in an alternateembodiment, the CPC detector 1004 may be freely coupled to any of thegeneric front-end resources.

The CPC preamble detector 1004 is a component which is specificallyadapted to detect the CPC. In one exemplary embodiment, the CPC preambledetector is a correlating device which detects the presence of theaforementioned CPC preamble 202. The preamble detector may operateeither in the digital domain or analog domain (e.g., a matched filter).

In the illustrated embodiment, the CPC preamble detector 1004 is adistinct entity from the decoding resources 1006, and the RF front-ends1002. Such an embodiment is particularly useful within the context ofthe present invention in that preamble detection does not consume anydecoding or antenna resources to operate. In other embodiments, thepreamble detector may be subsumed within either of the other entities,so as to achieve other goals or form factors including, inter alia,minimized die space, minimized power consumption, etc.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the preamble detector 1004 may beconfigured to give an initial “signature” for a received CPC frame. Forexample, FIG. 11 illustrates one technique of how a preamble sequencecan be multiplied with a scaling factor so as to impart additionalinformation at the CPC preamble detector. In the first transmissionsequence 1102, the preamble is transmitted twice “in phase”. In thesecond transmission 1104, the preamble is transmitted once, and inverted(i.e., out of phase) for the following transmission, such as bymultiplication by −1. The CPC preamble detector can thus distinguishbetween the first and second transmission, on the basis of thecorrelation results (i.e., represented as [1, 1] and [1, −1]).Correlation sequences may have more complex weights than +1/−1 (i.e.BPSK) values, for example, a rotated QPSK (+1/−1/+j/−j) could be used,for higher order QAM constellations. Furthermore, correlation sequencesmay use different timing offsets to convey different information, orportions of information. For example, so-called pulse-positionmodulation encodes information in the distance between two correlationpeaks, and is used in Ultra-Wideband systems. Other differentiationschemes may be used as well, the foregoing being merely illustrative.

FIG. 11A illustrates three exemplary preamble sequences, and possibleresultant interpretations. For simplicity, the preamble sequence isseparated into a first “age” having two possibilities (“new”=[1, 1],“old”=[1, −1]), and a second “function” having two possibilities(“lte”=[1, 1], “umts” [1, −1]). The receiver correlates for thepreamble, and based on the correlation result, can determine thecontents of the context information.

Such differentiation may be useful for quickly identifying if the UE isinterested in the context information of the CPC transmission duringinitial frame acquisition. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, abase station may signify a change to CPC frame data by weighting thepreamble indicia. Such a change stamp can be as simple as switchingbetween two orthogonal preambles for each information update (e.g., ifthere are no updates to the CPC frame, then the weighting is kept thesame). In another exemplary embodiment, different preamble sequences maybe used to signify various priority levels (e.g., age levels, applicablefunctionality, etc.), or encode yet other variables of interest to theUEs. It is appreciated that such additional complexity to preambledetection may reduce unnecessary CPC decoding (and hence furtheroptimizing power consumption and/or overhead processing), at the cost ofincreasing CPC preamble detector complexity. Moreover, such enhancedpreamble decoding capability can be selectively employed within the UE,such as where it is switched on and utilized only where the RAN withwhich the UE is currently associated is capable of such transmissions.

Referring back to FIG. 10, the plurality of decoding resources 1006 ofthe illustrated embodiment includes apparatus adapted to decode receiveddata. Generally, decoding resources may include such elements asprocessing elements, application specific circuitry, and or other commoncommunication elements, such as Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)processing, Multiply Accumulate (MAC) logic, arithmetic logic units(ALU), floating point logic, etc. In one LTE RAT specific embodiment,the decoding resources are configurable FFT-based computationalresources, adapted for decoding subcarriers of an Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiple Access/Time Division Multiple Access (OFDMA/TDMA)modulation scheme. Such FFT resources are flexibly programmed atsubframe time intervals to decode any subset of a plurality of thesubcarriers which populate the entire carrier bandwidth. The subdivisionof time (i.e., subframes) and frequency (i.e., subcarriers) can beviewed as a “grid” of decoding resources.

Once the CPC preamble detector 1004 detects the presence of a CPC frame,the modem subsystem 1000 will allocate a subset of the decodingresources 1006 for decoding the CPC transmission. In one exemplaryembodiment, the decoding resources are shared between CPC decoding andgeneric data usage decoding. Accordingly, allocating decoding resourcesfor the CPC frame decreases the amount of resources available to decodeuseful information data. Consequently, to minimize interruptions inservice, the modem subsystem may additionally be required to providebuffering capabilities. In one variant, the interrupted data may bebuffered during CPC decoding and decoded once the CPC decoding isfinalized (i.e., “caught up”). Alternatively, in a second variant, theCPC frame is buffered and decoded during lulls in the decoding of usefulinformation data (e.g., between the transmission of two frames of usefulinformation system, etc.); i.e., on an opportunistic basis.

In multi ode systems, multiple types of CPC preamble detectors 1004, RFfront-ends 1002, and decoding resources 1006 may be intermixed, and orinterchanged. In some cases, the functionality of one or more componentsmay be performed by a single component. The numerous possiblecombinations of the various RF front-ends, CPC preamble detectors anddecoding resources are readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill inthe arts given the present disclosure.

Exemplary SDR Base Station (BS) Apparatus—

Referring now to FIG. 12, one embodiment of serving base stationapparatus 1200 implementing the methods of the present invention isillustrated. The base station apparatus 1200 includes one or moresubstrate(s) 1202 that further include a plurality of integratedcircuits including a processing subsystem 1204 such as a digital signalprocessor (DSP), microprocessor, gate array, PLD, or plurality ofprocessing components as well as a power management subsystem 1206 thatprovides power to the base station 1200.

The embodiment of the apparatus 1200 shown in FIG. 12 at a high levelincludes a modem circuit 1208 configured to provide a segmented publicbroadcast of basic system information. The segmented public broadcastincludes for example a time-varying broadcast of system information(SI), where segments of the system information are each selectivelytransmitted according to a corresponding priority. In alternateembodiments, the segments may be transmitted via secondary frequencybands, and/or code domains, etc. The modem subsystem includes one ormore digital modems and a plurality of antenna radio.

The broadband access circuit 1210 is configured to provide access to theCore Network 106, and potentially other network entities (e.g. eNBs,HeNBs, etc.). The broadband access may comprise for example a simple DSLconnection. In other embodiments, the broadband access may comprise aT1, ISDN, satellite link, or DOCSIS cable modem. In one variant, thebroadband access only supports authenticated connections, therebyensuring secure and authorized connections to the networkinfrastructure. In other variants, the broadband access can providesubstantially unauthenticated access to other IP networks, therebyoffering a wireless gateway to any connected internets, or the Internet(e.g., such as may be useful with WLAN embodiments of the invention).

The processing subsystem 1204 may comprise a plurality of processors (ormulti-core processor(s)). As used herein, the term “processor” is meantgenerally to include all types of digital processing devices including,without limitation, digital signal processors (DSPs), reducedinstruction set computers (RISC), general-purpose (CISC) processors,microprocessors, gate arrays (e.g., FPGAs), PLDs, reconfigurable computefabrics (RCFs), array processors, secure microprocessors, andapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Such digitalprocessors may be contained on a single unitary IC die, or distributedacross multiple components.

The processing subsystem 1204 is preferably connected to one or morememory components. As used herein, the term “memory” includes any typeof integrated circuit or other storage device adapted for storingdigital data including, without limitation, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, DRAM,SDRAM, DDR/2 SDRAM, EDO/FPMS, RLDRAM, SRAM, “flash” memory (e.g.,NAND/NOR), and PSRAM. The memory subsystem of the embodiment illustratedin FIG. 12 includes various forms of volatile (e.g. SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)and non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive (HDD), and or Flash.Additionally, the processing subsystem may also comprise a cache tofacilitate processing operations.

In the illustrated embodiment, the processing subsystem additionallyincludes functional subsystems or modules for: determining segments ofbasic system information, prioritizing the segments, and efficientlyusing spectral resources to distribute the various groups of segments toa population of UEs. These subsystems may be implemented in software,firmware and/or hardware, and are logically and/or physically coupled tothe processing subsystem.

Alternatively, in another variant, the subsystems or modules may bedirectly coupled to the transmitter of the subsystem. The illustratedembodiment of the apparatus logically connects the segmentationsubsystem, the prioritizing subsystem, and the distribution subsystem.

In one embodiment, the segmentation subsystem includes a database ormemory structure localized within the apparatus 1200 adapted to storeone or more segments of the public broadcast information. Such segmentsmay be derived at least in part from internal device operations, such ascurrent UE occupancy, current time, current location, etc. In onevariant, the segmentation subsystem may comprise a circular buffer orshift register. In alternate embodiments, the subsystem includes one ormore interfaces to a centralized network controller, where thecentralized network controller provides one or more of segments of thepublic broadcast information. In yet another embodiment, the segments ofpublic broadcast information may be related to properties which arequeried or received from one or more external devices (e.g., nearby WLANnetworks, etc.), In yet another embodiment, the segments of the publicbroadcast information may be set based on an environmental or locationconsideration, such as cells operating in the vicinity of a hospital.

The prioritizing subsystem of the apparatus may include for examplemonitoring apparatus for network activity, or memory apparatus adaptedto store knowledge of the network activity. The input network parametersare provided to an optimization engine (e.g., algorithm implemented as acomputer program executed by the processing subsystem) for dynamicallyassigning a priority to one or more segments of public broadcastinformation. It will be appreciated that the segmented public broadcastinformation may change on a regular or irregular basis; thus, theoptimization engine may be run only in response to corresponding changesif desired. Furthermore, the prioritization subsystem may additionallyinclude one or more interfaces adapted to exchange information withneighboring base stations or other network entities (e.g., inter-RATcompatible base stations, Wi-Fi Access Points, etc.).

The distribution subsystem of the apparatus 1200 includes in oneembodiment apparatus for broadcasting the various segments of the publicbroadcast information to the UEs. In one embodiment, the distributionsubsystem is a time varying rotation of one or more segments of publicbroadcast information. In another embodiment, the distribution subsystemprovides a time varying length of transmission. The distributionsubsystem may also utilize multiple spreading codes (e.g., a CDMA basedsystem), or alternately, other frequency bands (e.g., a FDMA basedsystem), etc. In yet another embodiment, the distribution subsystemprovides varying segmented public broadcasts based on one or morenetwork parameters.

The distribution subsystem of the apparatus 1200 of FIG. 12 is adaptedto transmit CPC frames for an LTE network, where at least a subset ofthe segments of the publicly broadcast information are TLVs of varyingage levels. In one exemplary implementation, the CPC frames areadditionally configured to substantially minimize SDR UE powerconsumption, by providing variable length transmissions, suited fordiffering SDR UE requirements.

Methods—

Exemplary methods of operating the aforementioned base station and UEdevices previously described according to the invention are nowdescribed in greater detail.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, one or more segments ofbasic system information in a wireless (e.g., LTE cellular) radio systemare transmitted, and received according to one or more desired receptioncriteria so as to minimize unnecessary use of spectral resources and/orreceiver resources.

Referring now to FIG. 13, one method of such operation is shown. At step1302 of the method 1300, the SDR UE identifies one or more selectioncriteria. In one embodiment, these selection criteria are stored withina preamble detection device. The selection criteria may be related to aprioritized type of segmented context information, or alternatively maybe specific to a type of segment of context information, regardless ofpriority. In another embodiment, these criteria are based on timetransmitted, time updated, relevant importance, environmental criteria,functional operation, etc. In yet another embodiment, the selectioncriteria may be based on one or more values anticipated at a simplepreamble detection device. In one such variant, these values include anarray of indicia, which provide insight into a larger portion of asegmented public broadcast.

Exemplary selection criteria useful with the invention include (withoutlimitation) CWN (Composite Wireless Network), Operator, OperatorProfile, Operator Capabilities, Assigned Channel, Assigned ChannelProfile, Regulatory Rule, SA Policy, RAN, RAN Profile, RANConfiguration, Base Station, Base Station Capabilities, Base StationConfiguration, Base Station Measurements, Cell, Cell Profile, CellCapabilities, Cell Configuration, Cell Measurements, etc., and anycombination thereof. UE population data (e.g., capabilities of devices,total devices serviced, etc.) may be considered as well.

The multitude and complexity of interrelated network states andtransitions which may be evaluated by the SDR UE create a near limitlessvariety of selection criteria, as will be recognized by those ofordinary skill given the present disclosure.

Furthermore, while the aforementioned selection criteria aresubstantially UE-centric, it is appreciated that in some embodiments thebase station itself may dynamically alter how and when public broadcastmessages are received by the UE. For instance, the BS may elect a firstmethod for pilot channel information delivery for “camping” UEs, and asecond method for pilot channel message delivery for “new arrival” UEs.Moreover, certain base stations may not support the various modesdescribed herein, in which case the UE must adapt to the prevailingbroadcast scheme.

For example, for a UE which is operating with an active radio link mayreceive a first type of preamble for pilot channel updates, which islimited to very recent changes to various services, or networknotifications. Such delivery requires some minor amount of preambledetection complexity, but ensures that minimal additional decodingresources are consumed for administrative needs. Conversely, newlyarriving UEs selectively receive a second type of preamble, the preambleindicating that the segments of the transmission are suitable for anewly arriving UE. In this example, a base station may dynamicallychange the frequency of first and second broadcast types, to suit thevarious base station requirements. In one illustrative instance, a BSlocated at a train station may opt to transmit the second types ofpreambles when a trainload of passengers arrives (e.g., to acclimatizethe large number of users quickly), however switch to a first type ofpreambles when the train station is mostly idle.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, the BS “community” (i.e., two or moredesignated BSs that cooperate directly or indirectly) can communicateamong one another to exchange segmented public broadcast configurations.Such communications can occur over literally any type of communicationsor network interface, whether wired or wireless, such as for example DSLor DOCSIS broadband, millimeter wave link, satellite, WiMAX interface,etc. Furthermore, inter-base station communication may be supported viaextant communication channels of the cellular network (e.g., viaexisting UMTS/LTE cellular spectrum or channels).

At step 1304, the SDR UE detects a trigger event. In one exemplaryembodiment, the trigger event is the detection of a CPC preamble.Detection of a trigger event initiates for example storage of the publicbroadcast to RAM for later use. In an alternate embodiment, thedetection of a trigger event preempts current decoding efforts, suchthat one or more useful data resources are redirected to evaluate theone or more segments of context information.

In other variants, the mere detection of a CPC preamble initiatesevaluation of the context information. Detection of a CPC preamble mayadditionally be used as the basis for presenting information regardingthe CPC context information. Such encoded preamble information may beevaluated without redirecting decoding resources

At step 1306, the SDR UE processes and evaluates one or more receivedmessages which suit its selection criteria. To this end, the presentinvention contemplates in one embodiment the use of a supplementalpreamble weighting determination which can, inter alia, determine aunique weighting for a received preamble to determine if the contextinformation of the transmission is a usable update. For instance, apreamble may be weighted with at least two distinct weights, where thedistinct weight indicates a change to the context information containedin the transmission. In another example, the preamble may be weightedwith a number of distinct weights, where each distinct weight indicatesone representative prioritized level (e.g. the oldest or newesttransmission) within the accompanying context information. Otherpossible preamble detection schemes were previously described in theforegoing discussions of FIGS. 11, and 11A.

Such preamble analysis can be based on e.g., a simple matched filter, orcorrelation subsystem, etc. In this fashion, the SDR UE can easilydetermine if the incoming received public broadcast is of interest tooperation, without causing substantial interruption to its ongoing (orlack of) decoding processes. It will be appreciated that the preambleanalysis may change on a regular or irregular basis, such as for exampleto accommodate the current state of the SDR UE.

Careful resource allocation is highly advantageous, such as whenconsidering systems with generic decoding resources (e.g., OFDMA/TDMA,etc.). For example, in LTE implementations, generic decoding resourcesare assigned for decoding both CPC and V-CPC type transmissions. Suchallocations for pilot channel decoding detract from the overall SDR UEdata reception capabilities. Accordingly, the substantial benefits tominimizing unnecessary decoding of CPC and V-CPC channels are expectedto outweigh the costs associated with such dedicated methods andapparatus.

Resource allocations may include for example carrier frequencies, timeslots, or code channels dedicated for reception of the pilot channel. Inone embodiment, the SDR UE of the invention may delay decoding of thepilot channel. For example, the SDR UE may store only a limited numberof the segments transmitted to RAM for later decoding. In subsequenttransmissions the SDR UE may store other segments. The UE may then readthe information and decode the pilot on an as needed basis. The SDR UEeffectively minimizes the dedicated resources needed for receiving thepublic broadcast, by spreading the reception of the entire publicbroadcast message over time (e.g., decoding four segments of contextinformation, over the span of four transmissions).

In other embodiments, the UE may control its reception of such segmentsby applying an implicit agreement or synchronization with thetransmitting base station. In one such implementation, the UE decodes aninitial time stamp transmitted by the base station. In subsequentbroadcasts, the UE determines if the subsequent broadcasts are desiredfor decoding based on its internal initial time stamp. In anotherembodiment, a multi-mode base station may transmit a pilot channel whereeach transmission of the pilot channel may be adapted for one or more ofthe operational modes (e.g. LTE, UMTS, GPRS, GSM, etc.), Each of theserviced UEs individually determines if the subsequent pilot channeltransmissions are applicable for their individual purposes.

Lastly, at step 1308 of the method 1300 of FIG. 13, the UE updates itsinternal parameters and proceeds with normal operation. In oneembodiment, the UE may reinitiate step 1302 with a different selectioncriteria (e.g. a “camping” mode selection criteria).

Example Operation—

Referring back to the exemplary heterogeneous network 100 of FIG. 1,three (3) distinct RATs are located within the same general vicinity;each RAT is actively provisioning independent service coverage. Theheterogeneous network includes a first LTE eNB 102A, a second LTE HomeeNodeB (HeNB) 104A, and a Wireless-LAN Access Point 108A. Other RATs(not shown) may be used as well, such as one for WiMAX (IEEE Std.802.16e-2005 entitled “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan areanetworks—Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile—Broadband WirelessAccess Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layersfor Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands andCorrigendum 1” which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety). The first eNB and second HeNB are operating under the controlof a single network operator. The WLAN AP is operating outside of thesingle network operator's control, and is privately administered bye.g., a home or business user. A first UE 110 is shown, operating withinthe coverage of all three networks.

FIG. 14 illustrates one implementation of the generalized process foracquiring a CPC frame transmission according to the invention. It willbe appreciated that for illustrative reasons, the following discussionof the process 1400 of FIG. 14 and the associated examples includeimplementation-specific details, such details being provided solely forclarity and convenience and in no way being a requirement of practicingthe invention.

In the following discussions, the CPC broadcasts from the serving LTERATs (102A, 104A) are based on a time-varying scheme prioritized by agelevel (see the previously discussed time varying scheme 400 of FIG. 4),and, the CPC broadcasts from the serving WAP (108A) are based on afunctional scheme prioritized by context content (see the previouslydescribed context varying scheme 700 of FIG. 7).

At step 1402 of the method 1400, the UE 110 initializes its CPC preambledetection circuitry 1004. For example, the UE may require CPCinformation during a change to location update, initial power up, exitfrom a “sleep” mode, “camping”, etc. The initialization may also includeas required the retrieval of one or more schemes from memory, such asmay be the case during vertical handover (i.e., different networks mayhave different schemes and/or governing parameters). For instance, theUE determines that LTE RATs 102, 104 prioritize their informationbroadcasts based on changing time information, whereas the WLAN network108A prioritizes its information based on user density.

At step 1404, the UE 110 determines the “oldest” information segmentsfrom the LTE femtocell 104A in which it is interested. For example, theUE may only be interested in information segments having a “new” or“recent” pointer value. The UE also elects to only receive from the WLANAP 108 any information based on WLAN occupancy (e.g., only segments with“wlan” pointer values).

At step 1406, the UE 110 sets suitable preamble sequences to triggerdetection based on the UE trigger point, and internal parameters storedlocally within the UE. The UE sets its preamble detection circuitry 1004to identify a first preamble from the LTE femtocell indicating arelative age level, and to identify a second preamble from the WLAN APindicating changes to an occupancy level.

At step 1408, the UE 110 receives a CPC frame transmission. If the UEdetermines that the CPC frame is suitable for updates, then the UEexecutes step 1410. If not suitable, the UE state returns to step 1408(waiting for preamble). For LTE HeNB 104A operation, the UE verifiesthat the preamble has changed (i.e., indicating one or more updatedcontext information elements). For the WAP 108A, the UE verifies thatthe preamble matches the specific WLAN occupancy weight. Other CPCmessages for WLAN are discarded.

At step 1410, the UE 110 decodes the structure of the suitable receivedCPC frame. The structure of a CPC frame is RAT specific, and providesthe UE with the starting locations for context information. The contextinformation for LTE is hierarchically organized, whereas contextinformation for WLAN is TLV based and does not provide pointers; the UEmust determine lengths by decoding the TLV entries sequentially.

Lastly, at step 1412, the UE 110 assigns decoding resources to thecontext information which is relevant to the UE, and updates itsinternal operations based on the decoded CPC transmissions.

Vertical Handover to Second Network—

In a first illustrative scenario (FIG. 15), the SDR UE 110 performs avertical handover from the first RAT (served by the LTE eNB 102A) to thesecond RAT (served by the LTE HeNB 104A). The LTE HeNB is serving adedicated CPC, where the CPC includes policy information, radio resourceselection constraints, etc.

The SDR UE 110 is a new arrival to the LTE HeNB 104A. The UE determinesper step 1502 that it requires a comprehensive information setcomprising “new”, “recent”, “old” and “very old”. The preambles areweighted with unique identifiers (for example, one simple expansionscheme: “new”=[1, 1, 1, 1], “recent”=[1, −1, 1, −1], “old”=[1, 1, 1,−1], and “very old”=[1, −1, −1, 1]). The SDR UE waits until a preambleis detected with a weighting signature of “very old” per step 1504.

The SDR UE 110 recovers the comprehensive set of context information atstep 1506. The UE then updates its internal policy information, radioresource selection constraints, etc. per step 1508. If the UE determinesthat the HeNB 104A is suitable (step 1510), it performs a verticalhandover (step 1512).

In the foregoing sequence of events, the UE 110 was only required todivert a portion of its decoding resources to CPC decoding once it hadalready established that the CPC was suitable for its information needs.At all other times, the UE of the present invention may maintain itsexisting links with the first RAT served by the LTE eNB 102A if desiredor required.

Business Methods and Rules—

It will be recognized that the foregoing network apparatus andmethodologies may be readily adapted to various business models. Forexample, in one such model, a service provider/network operator maysell, lease, or freely provide (i.e., at no cost, such as via anincentive program) enhanced devices including e.g., femtocells and/ormobile devices or handsets/UEs). Appropriately enabled user equipmentmay receive enhanced pilot channel messages, and/or more efficientlymonitor existing pilot channels, thus increasing the overall perceivedquality of a user's experience. In one such embodiment, a dedicatedsubset of pilot channels are allocated to enabled UEs. Thus, whilelegacy devices continue to broadly monitor all pilot channels(inefficiently, as previously described herein), invention-enableddevices only monitor the subset of enabled channels, which is markedlymore efficient (and considerably improves power consumption and resourceallocation).

The aforementioned network apparatus and methodologies may also bereadily adapted for operation in accordance with an underlying businessrules algorithm or “engine”. This business rules engine may comprise forexample a software application (and/or firmware, or even hardwareaspects), and is implemented in one embodiment as a separate entity atthe Core Network, or alternatively within an existing entity residing atthe Core Network or other network management process (NMP). The rulesengine is in effect a high-layer supervisory process which aids thenetwork operator (or other interested party) in making operationaldecisions or resource allocations based on important criteria such asfinancial aspects, user experience enhancement, etc.

In one embodiment, the business rules engine is configured to take intoaccount the revenue and/or profit implications associated with providingresources to one or more users. Accordingly, the exemplary businessrules engine can modify the pilot channel behaviors of the system tosupport a wider base of users (e.g., providing relatively simple, buthigh quantities of pilot messages) or alternatively, a wider range ofservices (e.g., more complex pilot channel messages having a greater ormore intricate range of functionalities).

For instance, in one example, evaluation of the pilot channelallocations may include an analysis of the incremental cost, revenue,and/or profit associated with the various different allocation options.In some cases, the network provider may determine that new servicerequests are relatively uncommon, and thus pilot channels are lessimportant. In other cases, the network provider may determine that newusers and services are frequently entering and exiting a cell (e.g.,such as in the case of the aforementioned commuter or passenger trainwhich traverses the cell multiple times a day, and brings with itnumerous different users in a short interval of time), thus requiring anallocation of more pilot channel resources. These “business rules” maybe imposed e.g., at time of resource request, and then maintained for aperiod of time (or until an event triggering a re-evaluation occurs), oralternatively according to a periodic or schedule model (e.g., duringcertain hours of the day, days of the week, holidays, etc.).

In another embodiment, certain types of context information may berestricted from, or made useful for business and or accounting methods(e.g., “gold”, “silver”, “vip”, etc.), For example, a subscriber willingto pay more money may be privy to enhanced services. A premiumsubscriber may receive “gold” or “vip” context information; whereas aless premium subscriber may receive “silver” context information. Forexample, a wireless hotspot may only provision usage of its resourcesfor “vip” users. Users which are not subscribed to these premium groupswould not decode the context information.

In yet other embodiments, cognitive pilot channels may be used foradvertising one or more nearby services of interest. Such advertisementsmay be directly profitable, e.g., as a fee based subscription service,or may be indirectly profitable e.g., attracting customers to a desiredarea, increasing perceived value of a UE handset.

Myriad other schemes for implementing dynamic allocation of resourceswill be recognized by those of ordinary skill given the presentdisclosure.

It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the invention aredescribed in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, thesedescriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of theinvention, and may be modified as required by the particularapplication. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional undercertain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality maybe added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of performance oftwo or more steps permuted. All such variations are considered to beencompassed within the invention disclosed and claimed herein.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments,it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changesin the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Theforegoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated ofcarrying out the invention. This description is in no way meant to belimiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the generalprinciples of the invention. The scope of the invention should bedetermined with reference to the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving a request for oneor more information elements of interest; receiving, via a wirelessinterface, at least one data structure comprising a plurality ofinformation elements, the at least one data structure transmitted on apilot channel; receiving a plurality of pairs of information elementstransmitted on the pilot channel, the individual ones of the pairscomprising a preamble and a pointer, and being respectively associatedwith the individual ones of the plurality of information elements;selecting at least one preamble type, the at least one preamble typebeing selected from a set of preamble types stored in memory, whereinthe at least one preamble type is associated with one or moreage-related information, the age-related information including anage-related value and a threshold age value; decoding the preamblescorresponding to the plurality of pairs; comparing the decoded preambleswith the selected at least one preamble type; based on at least thecomparison, decoding pointers for a subset of the pairs to determine oneor more information element locations; and based on at least the one ormore determined locations, selectively decoding a portion of theinformation elements of the data structure.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the locations correspond to one or more data lengths within thedata structure.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a subset ofthe information elements comprise updates on services localized near theposition of a base station associated with the pilot channel.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the services comprises available radio accesstechnologies (RATs).
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the requestcomprises the at least one preamble type.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein at least a subset of the data structure is repeated on the pilotchannel.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the repeating is based on thelength of a frame in a wireless network.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein: the data structure is stored in memory after transmission onthe pilot channel; and the method further comprises retrieving the datastructure from the memory prior to the decoding of the portion.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the data structure is stored responsive to adetected trigger event.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the portionof information elements are decoded in a predetermined order based on aweight associated with the decoded preambles.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein the comparing comprises performing at least one correlationoperation.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or moreage-related information comprises one or more time stamps.
 13. A method,comprising: receiving a request for one or more types of informationportions; receiving a plurality of encoded data elements comprising atleast one information portion and at least one preamble; selecting atleast one preamble type, the at least one preamble type being selectedfrom a set of preamble types stored in memory, wherein the at least onepreamble type is associated with one or more age-related information,the age-related information including an age-related value and athreshold age value; decoding a subset of encoded data elementsassociated with the at least one preamble, where the preamble isassociated with the at least one information portion; decoding the atleast one preamble element; based at least in part on the at least onepreamble element, determining the type of the at least one informationportion; and based at least in part on the determined type, omitting adecode operation associated with the at least one information portion.14. A non-transitory computer-readable apparatus configured to store oneor more computer programs thereon, the one or more computer programsconfigured to, when executed: receive a request, from a higher-layersoftware operation, for data elements having one or more specifiedattributes; receive, via a wireless interface, a pilot channel datastructure comprising a plurality of data elements at a plurality ofassociated data lengths, where individual ones of the data elementscomprise at least one associated attribute descriptor and at least onereference element; select at least one preamble type of interestassociated with the data elements, the at least one preamble type ofinterest being selected from a set of preamble types, wherein the atleast one preamble type is associated with one or more age-relatedinformation, the age-related information including an age-related valueand a threshold age value; decode the at least one associated attributedescriptor for the individual ones of the data elements to determinerespective attributes associated with the individual ones of the dataelements; compare the respective attributes with the one or morespecified attributes; based at least in part on the comparison,selectively decode one or more reference elements for a subset of theindividual ones of the plurality of data elements to determine datalengths for the subset; and decode portions of the pilot channel libraryelement based on the determined data lengths.
 15. A software-definedradio apparatus, comprising: a storage device configured to store a setof preamble types; a wireless interface configured to receive aplurality of preambles respectively associated with a plurality of radioresources; and preamble discrimination logic in data communication withthe storage device and the wireless interface, the logic configured to:receive a request for a one or more information elements of interest;select at least one preamble type of interest associated with the one ormore information elements of interest, the at least one preamble type ofinterest being selected from the set of preamble types, wherein the atleast one preamble type is associated with one or more age-relatedinformation, the age-related information including an age-related valueand a threshold age value; and forward the at least one preamble type ofinterest to the wireless interface for identification of instances ofthe at least one preamble type of interest among the plurality ofpreambles.
 16. The software-defined radio apparatus of claim 15, whereinthe wireless interface is further configured to decode one or morepointers so as to determine a location within the plurality of radioresources, the location associated with the instances of the at leastone preamble type of interest.
 17. The software-defined radio apparatusof claim 15, wherein the request for one or more information elements ofinterest comprises at least one selection criterion.
 18. Thesoftware-defined radio apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least oneselection criterion comprises a time value, and the at least onepreamble type of interest comprises a time stamp.